Easy summary for Atomic Structure cameroon gce revision
Summary
■ Every atom has an internal structure with a nucleus
in the centre and the negatively charged electrons
arranged in ‘shells’ outside the nucleus.
■ Most of the mass of the atom is in the nucleus, which
contains protons (positively charged) and neutrons
(uncharged).
■ Beams of protons and electrons are deflected by
electric fields but neutrons are not.
■ All atoms of the same element have the same
number of protons. This is the proton number (Z),
which is also called the atomic number.
■ The nucleon number, which is also called the mass
number (A), is the total number of protons and
neutrons in an atom.
■ The number of neutrons in an atom is found by
subtracting the proton number from the nucleon
number (A – Z).
■ In a neutral atom, number of electrons = number
of protons. When there are more protons than
electrons, the atom becomes a positive ion. When
there are more electrons than protons, a negatively
charged ion is formed.
■ Isotopes are atoms with the same atomic number
but different nucleon numbers. They only differ in
the number of neutrons they contain.
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